How Japanese tolls work
Most expressways (高速道路, kōsoku-dōro) are toll-operated by NEXCO East, Central, West and regional operators. Rates average ~¥25 per km for standard passenger cars. Tokyo-Osaka one-way is about ¥13,000 cash. Toll booths accept cash or ETC (electronic toll collection) — but cash is slow and charges 10-30% more than ETC.